Kedilerde Fip Hastalığı Hakkında Her Şey

You are currently viewing Kedilerde Fip Hastalığı Hakkında Her Şey

Son iki yıldır tüm dünyayı etkisi altına alan koronavirüs, aslında veteriner hekimlerin yıllardır hayvanlarda en sık karşılaştığı virüsler arasındadır. FİP hastalığı için aynı zamanda kedi sahiplerinin de sıkça karşılaştığı enfeksiyonlardan biri olduğu söylenebilir. Biz de bu konuyu derinlemesine işlemek ve kedi sahiplerini yönlendirmek amacıyla sizler için bu içeriğimizi oluşturduk. Gelin kedilerde Fip hastalığını her yönüyle inceleyelim.

Fip Hastalığı Nedir?

Kısaca tanımlamak gerekirse kedi infeksiyöz peritoniti ya da kısa adıyla FIP, kedi koronavirüsünün (FCoV) mutasyona uğramış halinin oluşturduğu sistemik ve ölümcül bir hastalıktır. Genel kanının aksine kedi koronavirüsü, insanlarda görülen Covid-19’dan farklıdır ve kedilerden insanlara bulaşması söz konusu değildir.

Koronavirüs kedilerin bağırsaklarında yer alan, genellikle hastalığa sebep olmayan ya da sadece hafif bir enterite (bağırsak yangısı) sebep olan bir virüstür. Sokak kedilerinin neredeyse %90’ında bulunan bu virüs, bağışıklık sistemi zayıfladığı zaman mutasyona uğrayarak kedilerde FİP hastalığına sebep olur. Genç kediler bu hastalığa daha yatkındır çünkü bağışıklık sistemleri henüz gelişmemiştir ve virüsün mutasyonunu ve çoğalmasını engelleyemezler. Bu virüsü taşıyan ev kedilerinde ise aşılama takvimine uyulmaması sonucu gelişebilecek viral hastalıklar, ev içindeki değişiklikler, taşınma, eve yeni bir hayvanın veya yeni birinin gelmesi gibi stres oluşturabilecek sebepler ve geçirilebilecek diğer hastalıklar bağışıklık sistemini düşürmede rol oynar. Bağışıklık sistemi düşen kedide koronavirüs mutasyona uğrayabilir ve dolayısıyla kediler Fip hastalığına açık hale gelmiş olur.

İlginizi çekebilir: COVID-19 Kedi ve Köpekleri Etkiler mi?

Kedilerde Fip Belirtileri, Hastalık Süreci ve Tedavisi

Fip Hastalığı Nasıl Bulaşır?

Kedi koronavirüsü aynı ortamda bulunan kedilerde, ortak mama-su kabı ve tuvalet kullanımı sonucu virüsü taşıyan bir kedinin dışkısından başka bir kedinin ağız yoluyla virüsü alması sonucu bulaşır. Birden fazla kedinin bir arada yaşadığı evlerde, barınaklarda ve besleme alanlarında bu virüsün yayılımı çok hızlıdır. Bu nedenle bu gibi alanlarda hem hijyene hem de aşılama programına dikkat edilmelidir

Kedilerde Fip Hastalığı Belirtileri Nelerdir?

Fip hastalığının ıslak (efüsiv) ve kuru (nonefüsiv) olmak üzere iki formu vardır. Islak Fip hastalığına, kuru forma göre daha sık rastlanır. Islak formda kedilerin kan damarlarında meydana gelen hasar sonucu göğüs boşluğunda, karın boşluğunda veya her ikisinde birden sıvı birikimi olur. Karın boşluğunda biriken sıvı hasta sahipleri tarafından karında şişlik ve gerginlik olarak kolayca fark edilir. Göğüs boşluğunda biriken sıvı ise akciğerlere baskı yaparak kedinin nefes almasını zorlaştırır. Kuru Fip hastalığında ise gözde lezyonlar, dengesiz yürüyüş, ön bacaklarda kasılmalar veya ayağa hiç kalkamama, kafa sallama, dönme, göz bebeklerinde titreme, davranış değişiklikleri gibi sinirsel belirtiler görülür. Her iki formda da ortak olan belirtiler şunlardır:

  • İştahsızlık
  • Yorgunluk
  • Sürekli uyku hali
  • Kilo kaybı
  • Gelişme geriliği
  • Tekrarlayan ve antibiyotiğe karşı direnç gösteren ateş
  • Bozuk kıl yapısı

Ancak bu semptomlar olası diğer hastalıklarda da görülebileceği için spesifik semptomlar değildir. FIP, ilerleyen safhalarda iç organlarda da tutulum gerçekleştirebilir. Bunun sonucu karın içi lenf yumrularında büyüme ve organlarda lezyonlar, karaciğer ve böbrek yetmezlikleri gibi sonuçlarla karşı karşıya kalınabilir.

Hastalık Tanısı Nasıl Konulur?

Tanı klinik belirtileri, tam kan sayımı (hematokrit), organ değerleri profili (biyokimya), hızlı test kitleri ve göğüs ya da karın boşluğundan alınan sıvının analizi kullanılarak konulur. Röntgen, ultrason gibi ileri görüntüleme yöntemleri tanıyı doğrulamada yardımcı olur.    

Kedilerde Fip Tedavisi Nasıl Yapılır?

FIP’in son zamanlara kadar spesifik bir tedavisi yoktu. Bağışıklık sistemini destekleyen ve semptomları gideren tedaviler uygulanırdı. Her ne kadar hayvanın ömrü uzatılmaya çalışılsa da hastalığın gidişatı parlak sayılmaz ve ölümle sonuçlanması büyük olasılık olarak görülürdü.

Son yıllarda yapılan çalışmalar sonucu günümüzde kedilerde Fip tedavisinde kullanılan ve bu ölümcül hastalık için umut sayılabilecek anti-viral ilaçlar bulunmuştur. Bunlardan en etkili ve en yaygın kullanılanı GS-441524 isimli moleküldür. Bu tedavinin 84 gün boyunca her gün kiloya uygun dozlarda deri altı enjeksiyon şeklinde uygulanması önerilir. Bu tedavi süreci boyunca düzenli olarak hastanın kilosu, genel durumu ve kan değerleri takip edilir. Bunların yanı sıra ıslak Fip hastalığında vücut boşluklarında toplanan sıvı hayvanın solunumunu engelliyorsa, özellikle göğüs boşluğundaki sıvı boşaltılır ve rahat nefes alması sağlanır. Karın boşluğunda biriken sıvı eğer çok fazla değilse boşaltılmaması tercih edilir.

Her ne kadar GS-441524’ten çok güzel sonuçlar alınsa da başarı oranı %100 değildir. Bazen tedavi olumlu sonuç verse de tedavi kesildiği zaman nüksetme olasılığı vardır. Bu ilaç henüz ülkemizde ruhsatlı değildir ve piyasada sahte ilaçların da bulunduğu bilinmelidir. Bu yüzden muhakkak bir veteriner hekime danışılmalı ve veteriner hekim olmayan kişilerin verdiği bilgiler dikkate alınmamalıdır.

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